Advances in the rehabilitation of cervical spondylosis_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

WU Yuhua ^1,2 ,  JIANG Junliang ^1,2 ,  HE Chengqi ^1,2

1. Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;
2. Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

JIANG Junliang, Email: 516141095@qq.com; HE Chengqi, Email: hxkfhcq2015@126.com

Keywords：

Cervical spondylopathy; therapeutic advances; exercise therapy; manual therapy; intelligent rehabilitation

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.202604123

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Cervical spondylosis is one of the common degenerative diseases in China, with an increasing prevalence rate and a gradually shifting onset age. With the advancement of rehabilitation medicine, evidence-based medicine, and digital health technologies, the rehabilitation concepts and intervention models for cervical spondylosis have been continuously updated. This article provides an overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and rehabilitation advances in cervical spondylosis, discusses the current treatment characteristics and future development strategies in China, and focuses on introducing key rehabilitation interventions such as exercise therapy, manual therapy, and physical factor therapy. It also explores the application and development direction of intelligent rehabilitation technologies in the management of cervical spondylosis, aiming to provide references for clinical rehabilitation practice and related research.

Citation： WU Yuhua, JIANG Junliang, HE Chengqi. Advances in the rehabilitation of cervical spondylosis. West China Medical Journal, 2026, 41(6): 890-895. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.202604123 Copy

1.	中華外科雜志編輯部. 頸椎病的分型、診斷及非手術治療專家共識(2018). 中華外科雜志, 2018, 56(6): 401-402.
2.	Lim TH, Mak HY, Man Ngai SM, et al. Nonpharmacological spine pain management in clinical practice guidelines: a systematic review using AGREE II and AGREE-REX tools. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 2025, 55(1): 12-25.
3.	Blanpied PR, Gross AR, Elliott JM, et al. Neck pain: revision 2017. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 2017, 47(7): A1-A83.
4.	Lv Y, Tian W, Chen D, et al. The prevalence and associated factors of symptomatic cervical spondylosis in Chinese adults: a community-based cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2018, 19(1): 325.
5.	Zhuo L, Li S, Zhou F, et al. Incidence and costs of cervical spondylosis in urban China from 2013 to 2017: a nationwide population-based study. Lancet Reg Health West Pac, 2026, 68: 101820.
6.	Sun Y, Jin M, Yu T, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors mediating the protective effect of education on cervical spondylosis risk. Sci Rep, 2023, 13(1): 936.
7.	Liu X, Jin L, Jiang C, et al. Characteristics of cervical intervertebral disc signal intensity: an analysis of T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in 5843 asymptomatic Chinese subjects. Eur Spine J, 2023, 32(7): 2415-2424.
8.	Kazeminasab S, Nejadghaderi SA, Amiri P, et al. Neck pain: global epidemiology, trends and risk factors. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2022, 23(1): 26.
9.	中國頸椎退行性病變診療指南制訂專家組, 中國老年保健協會疼痛病學分會, 《中華疼痛學雜志》編輯委員會. 中國頸椎退行性病變診療指南(2025 版). 中華疼痛學雜志, 2025, 21(4): 484-499.
10.	Xia W, Liu J, Liu C, et al. Burden of neck pain in general population of China, 1990-2019: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. J Glob Health, 2024, 14: 04066.
11.	Baucher G, Taskovic J, Troude L, et al. Risk factors for the development of degenerative cervical myelopathy: a review of the literature. Neurosurg Rev, 2022, 45(2): 1675-1689.
12.	閆雪峰, 郁金崗. 神經根型頸椎病中西醫發病機制及診斷概述. 內蒙古中醫藥, 2022, 41(1): 167-168.
13.	Saunders LM, Sandhu HS, McBride L, et al. Degenerative cervical myelopathy: an overview. Cureus, 2023, 15(12): e50387.
14.	Kim MW, Kang CN, Choi SH. Update of the natural history, pathophysiology, and treatment strategies of degenerative cervical myelopathy: a narrative review. Asian Spine J, 2023, 17(1): 213-221.
15.	Choi SH, Kang CN. Degenerative cervical myelopathy: pathophysiology and current treatment strategies. Asian Spine J, 2020, 14(5): 710-720.
16.	Zhang GZ, Liu MQ, Chen HW, et al. NF-κB signalling pathways in nucleus pulposus cell function and intervertebral disc degeneration. Cell Prolif, 2021, 54(7): e13057.
17.	Li S, Pan X, Wu Y, et al. IL-37 alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration via the IL-1R8/NF-κB pathway. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2023, 31(5): 588-599.
18.	Burt KG, Kim MKM, Viola DC, et al. Nuclear factor κB overactivation in the intervertebral disc leads to macrophage recruitment and severe disc degeneration. Sci Adv, 2024, 10(23): eadj3194.
19.	Machado GC, Abdel-Shaheed C, Underwood M, et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for musculoskeletal pain. BMJ, 2021, 372: n104.
20.	Cohen SP, Hooten WM. Advances in the diagnosis and management of neck pain. BMJ, 2017, 358: j3221.
21.	Moisset X. Neuropathic pain: evidence based recommendations. Presse Med, 2024, 53(2): 104232.
22.	Bier JD, Scholten-Peeters WGM, Staal JB, et al. Clinical practice guideline for physical therapy assessment and treatment in patients with nonspecific neck pain. Phys Ther, 2018, 98(3): 162-171.
23.	El-Allawy A, Hecht N, Luedtke K, et al. Clinical practice guideline: nonspecific neck pain. Dtsch Arztebl Int, 2025, 122(20): 552-557.
24.	Garzonio S, Arbasetti C, Geri T, et al. Effectiveness of specific exercise for deep cervical muscles in nonspecific neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Phys Ther, 2022, 102(5): pzac001.
25.	李涵玥, 李旖旎, 向林妹, 等. 抗阻運動對神經根型頸椎病患者疼痛和功能影響的薈萃分析. 中國組織工程研究, 2026, 30(4): 987-996.
26.	Rasmussen-Barr E, Halvorsen M, Bohman T, et al. Summarizing the effects of different exercise types in chronic neck pain- a systematic review and meta-analysis of systematic reviews. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2023, 24(1): 806.
27.	Chen Y, Yang C, Nie K, et al. Effects of scapular treatment on chronic neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2024, 25(1): 252.
28.	Plener J, Csiernik B, To D, et al. Conservative management of cervical radiculopathy: a systematic review. Clin J Pain, 2023, 39(3): 138-146.
29.	Sremakaew M, Jull G, Treleaven J, et al. Effectiveness of adding rehabilitation of cervical related sensorimotor control to manual therapy and exercise for neck pain: a randomized controlled trial. Musculoskelet Sci Pract, 2023, 63: 102690.
30.	曹坤燕, 郭珈宜, 李峰, 等. 中醫養生功法在頸型頸椎病中的應用與防治. 中國療養醫學, 2023, 32(8): 801-804.
31.	Miyamoto GC, Lin CC, Cabral CMN, et al. Cost-effectiveness of exercise therapy in the treatment of non-specific neck pain and low back pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med, 2019, 53(3): 172-181.
32.	Hao J, He Z, Chen Z, et al. Virtual reality training versus conventional rehabilitation for chronic neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PM R, 2024, 16(10): 1143-1153.
33.	Guo Q, Zhang L, Gui C, et al. Virtual reality intervention for patients with neck pain: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Med Internet Res, 2023, 25: e38256.
34.	張怡瑾, 李輝, 陳子穎, 等. 基于“筋出槽, 骨錯縫”病機探析推拿治療頸椎病的調衡作用. 中醫雜志, 2023, 64(14): 1436-1439.
35.	王新軍. 論頸椎旋轉扳法的機理及注意事項. 上海中醫藥雜志, 2001, 35(11): 33-34.
36.	Wang SQ, Jiang AY, Gao Q. Effect of manual soft tissue therapy on the pain in patients with chronic neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 2022, 49: 101619.
37.	Minnucci S, Innocenti T, Salvioli S, et al. Benefits and harms of spinal manipulative therapy for treating recent and persistent nonspecific neck pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 2023, 53(9): 510-528.
38.	Makin J, Watson L, Pouliopoulou DV, et al. Effectiveness and safety of manual therapy when compared with oral pain medications in patients with neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil, 2024, 16(1): 86.
39.	Reynolds B, McDevitt A, Kelly J, et al. Manual physical therapy for neck disorders: an umbrella review. J Man Manip Ther, 2025, 33(1): 18-35.
40.	Calafiore D, Marotta N, Longo UG, et al. The efficacy of manual therapy and therapeutic exercise for reducing chronic non-specific neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil, 2025, 38(3): 407-419.
41.	García-Juez S, Navarro-Santana MJ, Valera-Calero JA, et al. Effectiveness of articular and neural mobilization for managing cervical radicular pain: a systematic review with network meta-analysis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 2025, 55(7): 1-14.
42.	Nambi G, Alghadier M, Eltayeb MM, et al. Comparative effectiveness of cervical vs thoracic spinal-thrust manipulation for care of cervicogenic headache: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One, 2024, 19(3): e0300737.
43.	Carrasco-Uribarren A, Pardos-Aguilella P, Jiménez-Del-Barrio S, et al. Cervical manipulation versus thoracic or cervicothoracic manipulations for the management of neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Musculoskelet Sci Pract, 2024, 71: 102927.
44.	Hao J, He Z, Huang B, et al. Comparative effectiveness of six biophysical agents on neck pain rehabilitation: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Eur Spine J, 2025, 34(6): 2183-2200.
45.	Rampazo éP, Martignago CCS, de Noronha M, et al. Transcutaneous electrical stimulation in neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Pain, 2022, 26(1): 18-42.
46.	Qing W, Shi X, Zhang Q, et al. Effect of therapeutic ultrasound for neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 2021, 102(11): 2219-2230.
47.	吳海洋, 吳軍豪, 聞國偉. 體外沖擊波治療神經根型頸椎病臨床療效的 Meta 分析. 中醫臨床研究, 2023, 15(11): 132-137.
48.	Thrash GW, Wang E, Brockington D, et al. Neuromodulation for restless legs syndrome: a systematic review and mechanistic considerations for spinal cord stimulation. Sleep Breath, 2026, 30(1): 83.
49.	Liang Y, Niu S, Wang Y. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Pain, 2025: 20494637251356812.
50.	Fandim JV, Almeida de Oliveira L, Yamato TP, et al. Telerehabilitation for neck pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2025, 8(8): CD014428.
51.	Valenza-Pe?a G, Martín-Nú?ez J, Heredia-Ciuró A, et al. Effectiveness of self-care education for chronic neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Healthcare (Basel), 2023, 11(24): 3161.
52.	Marcuzzi A, Nordstoga AL, Bach K, et al. Effect of an artificial intelligence-based self-management app on musculoskeletal health in patients with neck and/or low back pain referred to specialist care: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open, 2023, 6(6): e2320400.
53.	高鑫海, 何升華. 人工智能在頸椎病診斷中的創新與突破. 中山大學學報(醫學科學版), 2024, 45(6): 961-967.
54.	杜妍辰, 胡時輝, 石萍, 等. 穿戴式頸椎康復設備研究現狀與趨勢. 生物醫學工程學進展, 2023, 44(2): 149-157.
55.	Qiu K, Wang C, Mo X, et al. The global macroeconomic burden of musculoskeletal disorders. Int J Surg, 2025, 111(11): 7857-7866.
56.	Sánchez-Ferre C, Castro-Sánchez AM, Lara Palomo IC, et al. Comparison of cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of a telerehabilitation programme for the management of non-specific neck pain: a study protocol. Healthcare (Basel), 2025, 13(23): 3076.
57.	頸椎病中西醫結合診療專家共識編寫組. 頸椎病中西醫結合診療專家共識. 世界中醫藥, 2023, 18(7): 918-922.
58.	莫文. 《脊髓型頸椎病中西醫結合診療專家共識》解讀. 上海中醫藥雜志, 2022, 56(7): 14-17.
59.	Valenza-Pe?a G, Calvache-Mateo A, Valenza MC, et al. Effects of telerehabilitation on pain and disability in patients with chronic neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Healthcare, 2024, 12(7): 796.

1. 中華外科雜志編輯部. 頸椎病的分型、診斷及非手術治療專家共識(2018). 中華外科雜志, 2018, 56(6): 401-402.
2. Lim TH, Mak HY, Man Ngai SM, et al. Nonpharmacological spine pain management in clinical practice guidelines: a systematic review using AGREE II and AGREE-REX tools. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 2025, 55(1): 12-25.
3. Blanpied PR, Gross AR, Elliott JM, et al. Neck pain: revision 2017. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 2017, 47(7): A1-A83.
4. Lv Y, Tian W, Chen D, et al. The prevalence and associated factors of symptomatic cervical spondylosis in Chinese adults: a community-based cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2018, 19(1): 325.
5. Zhuo L, Li S, Zhou F, et al. Incidence and costs of cervical spondylosis in urban China from 2013 to 2017: a nationwide population-based study. Lancet Reg Health West Pac, 2026, 68: 101820.
6. Sun Y, Jin M, Yu T, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors mediating the protective effect of education on cervical spondylosis risk. Sci Rep, 2023, 13(1): 936.
7. Liu X, Jin L, Jiang C, et al. Characteristics of cervical intervertebral disc signal intensity: an analysis of T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in 5843 asymptomatic Chinese subjects. Eur Spine J, 2023, 32(7): 2415-2424.
8. Kazeminasab S, Nejadghaderi SA, Amiri P, et al. Neck pain: global epidemiology, trends and risk factors. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2022, 23(1): 26.
9. 中國頸椎退行性病變診療指南制訂專家組, 中國老年保健協會疼痛病學分會, 《中華疼痛學雜志》編輯委員會. 中國頸椎退行性病變診療指南(2025 版). 中華疼痛學雜志, 2025, 21(4): 484-499.
10. Xia W, Liu J, Liu C, et al. Burden of neck pain in general population of China, 1990-2019: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. J Glob Health, 2024, 14: 04066.
11. Baucher G, Taskovic J, Troude L, et al. Risk factors for the development of degenerative cervical myelopathy: a review of the literature. Neurosurg Rev, 2022, 45(2): 1675-1689.
12. 閆雪峰, 郁金崗. 神經根型頸椎病中西醫發病機制及診斷概述. 內蒙古中醫藥, 2022, 41(1): 167-168.
13. Saunders LM, Sandhu HS, McBride L, et al. Degenerative cervical myelopathy: an overview. Cureus, 2023, 15(12): e50387.
14. Kim MW, Kang CN, Choi SH. Update of the natural history, pathophysiology, and treatment strategies of degenerative cervical myelopathy: a narrative review. Asian Spine J, 2023, 17(1): 213-221.
15. Choi SH, Kang CN. Degenerative cervical myelopathy: pathophysiology and current treatment strategies. Asian Spine J, 2020, 14(5): 710-720.
16. Zhang GZ, Liu MQ, Chen HW, et al. NF-κB signalling pathways in nucleus pulposus cell function and intervertebral disc degeneration. Cell Prolif, 2021, 54(7): e13057.
17. Li S, Pan X, Wu Y, et al. IL-37 alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration via the IL-1R8/NF-κB pathway. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2023, 31(5): 588-599.
18. Burt KG, Kim MKM, Viola DC, et al. Nuclear factor κB overactivation in the intervertebral disc leads to macrophage recruitment and severe disc degeneration. Sci Adv, 2024, 10(23): eadj3194.
19. Machado GC, Abdel-Shaheed C, Underwood M, et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for musculoskeletal pain. BMJ, 2021, 372: n104.
20. Cohen SP, Hooten WM. Advances in the diagnosis and management of neck pain. BMJ, 2017, 358: j3221.
21. Moisset X. Neuropathic pain: evidence based recommendations. Presse Med, 2024, 53(2): 104232.
22. Bier JD, Scholten-Peeters WGM, Staal JB, et al. Clinical practice guideline for physical therapy assessment and treatment in patients with nonspecific neck pain. Phys Ther, 2018, 98(3): 162-171.
23. El-Allawy A, Hecht N, Luedtke K, et al. Clinical practice guideline: nonspecific neck pain. Dtsch Arztebl Int, 2025, 122(20): 552-557.
24. Garzonio S, Arbasetti C, Geri T, et al. Effectiveness of specific exercise for deep cervical muscles in nonspecific neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Phys Ther, 2022, 102(5): pzac001.
25. 李涵玥, 李旖旎, 向林妹, 等. 抗阻運動對神經根型頸椎病患者疼痛和功能影響的薈萃分析. 中國組織工程研究, 2026, 30(4): 987-996.
26. Rasmussen-Barr E, Halvorsen M, Bohman T, et al. Summarizing the effects of different exercise types in chronic neck pain- a systematic review and meta-analysis of systematic reviews. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2023, 24(1): 806.
27. Chen Y, Yang C, Nie K, et al. Effects of scapular treatment on chronic neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2024, 25(1): 252.
28. Plener J, Csiernik B, To D, et al. Conservative management of cervical radiculopathy: a systematic review. Clin J Pain, 2023, 39(3): 138-146.
29. Sremakaew M, Jull G, Treleaven J, et al. Effectiveness of adding rehabilitation of cervical related sensorimotor control to manual therapy and exercise for neck pain: a randomized controlled trial. Musculoskelet Sci Pract, 2023, 63: 102690.
30. 曹坤燕, 郭珈宜, 李峰, 等. 中醫養生功法在頸型頸椎病中的應用與防治. 中國療養醫學, 2023, 32(8): 801-804.
31. Miyamoto GC, Lin CC, Cabral CMN, et al. Cost-effectiveness of exercise therapy in the treatment of non-specific neck pain and low back pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med, 2019, 53(3): 172-181.
32. Hao J, He Z, Chen Z, et al. Virtual reality training versus conventional rehabilitation for chronic neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PM R, 2024, 16(10): 1143-1153.
33. Guo Q, Zhang L, Gui C, et al. Virtual reality intervention for patients with neck pain: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Med Internet Res, 2023, 25: e38256.
34. 張怡瑾, 李輝, 陳子穎, 等. 基于“筋出槽, 骨錯縫”病機探析推拿治療頸椎病的調衡作用. 中醫雜志, 2023, 64(14): 1436-1439.
35. 王新軍. 論頸椎旋轉扳法的機理及注意事項. 上海中醫藥雜志, 2001, 35(11): 33-34.
36. Wang SQ, Jiang AY, Gao Q. Effect of manual soft tissue therapy on the pain in patients with chronic neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 2022, 49: 101619.
37. Minnucci S, Innocenti T, Salvioli S, et al. Benefits and harms of spinal manipulative therapy for treating recent and persistent nonspecific neck pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 2023, 53(9): 510-528.
38. Makin J, Watson L, Pouliopoulou DV, et al. Effectiveness and safety of manual therapy when compared with oral pain medications in patients with neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil, 2024, 16(1): 86.
39. Reynolds B, McDevitt A, Kelly J, et al. Manual physical therapy for neck disorders: an umbrella review. J Man Manip Ther, 2025, 33(1): 18-35.
40. Calafiore D, Marotta N, Longo UG, et al. The efficacy of manual therapy and therapeutic exercise for reducing chronic non-specific neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil, 2025, 38(3): 407-419.
41. García-Juez S, Navarro-Santana MJ, Valera-Calero JA, et al. Effectiveness of articular and neural mobilization for managing cervical radicular pain: a systematic review with network meta-analysis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 2025, 55(7): 1-14.
42. Nambi G, Alghadier M, Eltayeb MM, et al. Comparative effectiveness of cervical vs thoracic spinal-thrust manipulation for care of cervicogenic headache: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One, 2024, 19(3): e0300737.
43. Carrasco-Uribarren A, Pardos-Aguilella P, Jiménez-Del-Barrio S, et al. Cervical manipulation versus thoracic or cervicothoracic manipulations for the management of neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Musculoskelet Sci Pract, 2024, 71: 102927.
44. Hao J, He Z, Huang B, et al. Comparative effectiveness of six biophysical agents on neck pain rehabilitation: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Eur Spine J, 2025, 34(6): 2183-2200.
45. Rampazo éP, Martignago CCS, de Noronha M, et al. Transcutaneous electrical stimulation in neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Pain, 2022, 26(1): 18-42.
46. Qing W, Shi X, Zhang Q, et al. Effect of therapeutic ultrasound for neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 2021, 102(11): 2219-2230.
47. 吳海洋, 吳軍豪, 聞國偉. 體外沖擊波治療神經根型頸椎病臨床療效的 Meta 分析. 中醫臨床研究, 2023, 15(11): 132-137.
48. Thrash GW, Wang E, Brockington D, et al. Neuromodulation for restless legs syndrome: a systematic review and mechanistic considerations for spinal cord stimulation. Sleep Breath, 2026, 30(1): 83.
49. Liang Y, Niu S, Wang Y. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Pain, 2025: 20494637251356812.
50. Fandim JV, Almeida de Oliveira L, Yamato TP, et al. Telerehabilitation for neck pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2025, 8(8): CD014428.
51. Valenza-Pe?a G, Martín-Nú?ez J, Heredia-Ciuró A, et al. Effectiveness of self-care education for chronic neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Healthcare (Basel), 2023, 11(24): 3161.
52. Marcuzzi A, Nordstoga AL, Bach K, et al. Effect of an artificial intelligence-based self-management app on musculoskeletal health in patients with neck and/or low back pain referred to specialist care: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open, 2023, 6(6): e2320400.
53. 高鑫海, 何升華. 人工智能在頸椎病診斷中的創新與突破. 中山大學學報(醫學科學版), 2024, 45(6): 961-967.
54. 杜妍辰, 胡時輝, 石萍, 等. 穿戴式頸椎康復設備研究現狀與趨勢. 生物醫學工程學進展, 2023, 44(2): 149-157.
55. Qiu K, Wang C, Mo X, et al. The global macroeconomic burden of musculoskeletal disorders. Int J Surg, 2025, 111(11): 7857-7866.
56. Sánchez-Ferre C, Castro-Sánchez AM, Lara Palomo IC, et al. Comparison of cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of a telerehabilitation programme for the management of non-specific neck pain: a study protocol. Healthcare (Basel), 2025, 13(23): 3076.
57. 頸椎病中西醫結合診療專家共識編寫組. 頸椎病中西醫結合診療專家共識. 世界中醫藥, 2023, 18(7): 918-922.
58. 莫文. 《脊髓型頸椎病中西醫結合診療專家共識》解讀. 上海中醫藥雜志, 2022, 56(7): 14-17.
59. Valenza-Pe?a G, Calvache-Mateo A, Valenza MC, et al. Effects of telerehabilitation on pain and disability in patients with chronic neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Healthcare, 2024, 12(7): 796.

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Advances in the rehabilitation of cervical spondylosis

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