Analysis of operational status and practical characteristics of outpatient multi-disciplinary treatment in tertiary hospitals in China_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

WANG Huanlin ^1,2 , HE Qian ^1,2 , MI Yiqun ³ , LI Gang ⁴ , BAO Pinhong ⁵ , WANG Ruijun ⁶ ,  XIE Miaorong ⁷ ,  WAN Zhi ^1,8

1. Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;
2. Outpatient Department (Internet Hospital Management Office), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;
3. President’s Office, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, P. R. China;
4. Outpatient Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P. R. China;
5. Outpatient Department, the First People’s Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P. R. China;
6. Outpatient Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P. R. China;
7. Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P. R. China;
8. Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

XIE Miaorong, Email: xiemiao27@126.com; WAN Zhi, Email: 303680215@qq.com

Keywords：

Outpatient multi-disciplinary treatment; operational status; practical characteristics

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.202512335

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To analyze the operational status and practical characteristics of outpatient multi-disciplinary treatment (MDT) services through a national survey, with the goal of providing evidence-based support for promoting standardized implementation and sustainable development of the MDT model. Methods From November to December 2024, a snowball sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among tertiary healthcare institutions across China that had implemented outpatient MDT services. Descriptive statistical methods were employed to analyze the operational status, resource allocation, and practical characteristics of outpatient MDT. Results A total of 533 questionnaires were collected, among which 521 were valid questionnaires, with a valid rate of 97.7%. Outpatient MDT services had primarily been implemented within the past five years (60.7%). Among the institutions, 316 (60.7%) had no more than 10 fixed MDT teams, with an average annual service volume of 824 patient visits. Regarding the consultation model, 303 institutions (58.2%) had not yet adopted the “fixed time, fixed location, and fixed personnel” model. The performance evaluation mechanism remained underdeveloped: 46.1% of the institutions did not incorporate outpatient MDT workload into departmental assessments, and 41.5% did not include it in individual physicians’ performance evaluations. Conclusions China’s outpatient MDT model remains in an exploratory and developmental phase, commonly facing issues such as a weak service foundation, loose team collaboration, inconsistent operational standards, and inadequate incentive mechanisms. Moving forward, it is essential to systematically construct an MDT management framework by strengthening institutional design, standardizing service processes, and implementing supporting incentive policies, thereby promoting its standardized and sustainable development.

Citation： WANG Huanlin, HE Qian, MI Yiqun, LI Gang, BAO Pinhong, WANG Ruijun, XIE Miaorong, WAN Zhi. Analysis of operational status and practical characteristics of outpatient multi-disciplinary treatment in tertiary hospitals in China. West China Medical Journal, 2026, 41(3): 468-473. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.202512335 Copy

1.	孫湛, 楊麗, 邵雨婷, 等. 多學科診療模式現狀分析與思考. 中國衛生質量管理, 2018, 25(6): 37-40.
2.	婁艷, 龔紅輝, 曾立云, 等. 三級綜合醫院門診多學科協作診療 SWOT 分析. 中國醫院管理, 2023, 43(5): 54-57.
3.	毛一晴, 康定鼎, 張博文, 等. 國內外多學科團隊診療模式研究進展. 中國醫院, 2022, 26(3): 18-21.
4.	楊亞, 梁晨, 陳楨, 等. 國內外多學科診療模式研究進展分析. 中國衛生質量管理, 2021, 28(2): 16-19.
5.	Lamb BW, Taylor C, Lamb JN, et al. Facilitators and barriers to teamworking and patient centeredness in multidisciplinary cancer teams: findings of a national study. Ann Surg Oncol, 2013, 20(5): 1408-1416.
6.	Hoinville L, Taylor C, Zasada M, et al. Improving the effectiveness of cancer multidisciplinary team meetings: analysis of a national survey of MDT members’ opinions about streamlining patient discussions. BMJ Open Qual, 2019, 8(2): e000631.
7.	European Partnership Action Against Cancer consensus group, Borras JM, Albreht T, et al. Policy statement on multidisciplinary cancer care. Eur J Cancer, 2014, 50(3): 475-480.
8.	Wagland R, Brindle L, James E, et al. Facilitating early diagnosis of lung cancer amongst primary care patients: the views of GPs. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl), 2017, 26(3): e12704.
9.	Perry N, Broeders M, de Wolf C, et al. European guidelines for quality assurance in breast cancer screening and diagnosis. Fourth edition--summary document. Ann Oncol, 2008, 19(4): 614-622.
10.	Brown GTF, Bekker HL, Young AL. Quality and efficacy of multidisciplinary team (MDT) quality assessment tools and discussion checklists: a systematic review. BMC Cancer, 2022, 22(1): 286.
11.	Musuuza J, Sutherland BL, Kurter S, et al. A systematic review of multidisciplinary teams to reduce major amputations for patients with diabetic foot ulcers. J Vasc Surg, 2020, 71(4): 1433-1446.
12.	馬戈, 俞斌. 多類型門診多學科診療模式探索. 華西醫學, 2024, 39(1): 98-100.
13.	范艷梅, 陳揚, 王麗娟. 門診 MDT 診療體系的建立. 中國衛生產業, 2019, 16(35): 93-95.
14.	楊凌鶴, 劉美岑, 曹曼, 等. 我國三級腫瘤醫院多學科診療模式開展現狀調查. 中國衛生質量管理, 2022, 29(10): 40-44.
15.	呂藝芝, 楊堅, 陳郁明, 等. 我國三級醫院多學科協作診療模式開展現狀調查分析. 中國醫院, 2021, 25(2): 21-23.
16.	王睆琳, 何謙, 葉小云, 等. 基于全國多中心的門診多學科診療質量管理現狀評估及優化路徑探索. 華西醫學, 2026, 41(1): 96-102.
17.	van de Velde CJ, Boelens PG, Borras JM, et al. EURECCA colorectal: multidisciplinary management: European consensus conference colon & rectum. Eur J Cancer, 2014, 50(1): 1.e1-1.e34.
18.	van de Velde CJ, Aristei C, Boelens PG, et al. EURECCA colorectal: multidisciplinary mission statement on better care for patients with colon and rectal cancer in Europe. Eur J Cancer, 2013, 49(13): 2784-2790.
19.	Pillay B, Wootten AC, Crowe H, et al. The impact of multidisciplinary team meetings on patient assessment, management and outcomes in oncology settings: a systematic review of the literature. Cancer Treat Rev, 2016, 42: 56-72.
20.	Cui P, Yin B, Zhang Y, et al. Similarities and differences of lung cancer (LC) multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) in China compared to Europe and Canada. J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42(16 Suppl): e13562.

1. 孫湛, 楊麗, 邵雨婷, 等. 多學科診療模式現狀分析與思考. 中國衛生質量管理, 2018, 25(6): 37-40.
2. 婁艷, 龔紅輝, 曾立云, 等. 三級綜合醫院門診多學科協作診療 SWOT 分析. 中國醫院管理, 2023, 43(5): 54-57.
3. 毛一晴, 康定鼎, 張博文, 等. 國內外多學科團隊診療模式研究進展. 中國醫院, 2022, 26(3): 18-21.
4. 楊亞, 梁晨, 陳楨, 等. 國內外多學科診療模式研究進展分析. 中國衛生質量管理, 2021, 28(2): 16-19.
5. Lamb BW, Taylor C, Lamb JN, et al. Facilitators and barriers to teamworking and patient centeredness in multidisciplinary cancer teams: findings of a national study. Ann Surg Oncol, 2013, 20(5): 1408-1416.
6. Hoinville L, Taylor C, Zasada M, et al. Improving the effectiveness of cancer multidisciplinary team meetings: analysis of a national survey of MDT members’ opinions about streamlining patient discussions. BMJ Open Qual, 2019, 8(2): e000631.
7. European Partnership Action Against Cancer consensus group, Borras JM, Albreht T, et al. Policy statement on multidisciplinary cancer care. Eur J Cancer, 2014, 50(3): 475-480.
8. Wagland R, Brindle L, James E, et al. Facilitating early diagnosis of lung cancer amongst primary care patients: the views of GPs. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl), 2017, 26(3): e12704.
9. Perry N, Broeders M, de Wolf C, et al. European guidelines for quality assurance in breast cancer screening and diagnosis. Fourth edition--summary document. Ann Oncol, 2008, 19(4): 614-622.
10. Brown GTF, Bekker HL, Young AL. Quality and efficacy of multidisciplinary team (MDT) quality assessment tools and discussion checklists: a systematic review. BMC Cancer, 2022, 22(1): 286.
11. Musuuza J, Sutherland BL, Kurter S, et al. A systematic review of multidisciplinary teams to reduce major amputations for patients with diabetic foot ulcers. J Vasc Surg, 2020, 71(4): 1433-1446.
12. 馬戈, 俞斌. 多類型門診多學科診療模式探索. 華西醫學, 2024, 39(1): 98-100.
13. 范艷梅, 陳揚, 王麗娟. 門診 MDT 診療體系的建立. 中國衛生產業, 2019, 16(35): 93-95.
14. 楊凌鶴, 劉美岑, 曹曼, 等. 我國三級腫瘤醫院多學科診療模式開展現狀調查. 中國衛生質量管理, 2022, 29(10): 40-44.
15. 呂藝芝, 楊堅, 陳郁明, 等. 我國三級醫院多學科協作診療模式開展現狀調查分析. 中國醫院, 2021, 25(2): 21-23.
16. 王睆琳, 何謙, 葉小云, 等. 基于全國多中心的門診多學科診療質量管理現狀評估及優化路徑探索. 華西醫學, 2026, 41(1): 96-102.
17. van de Velde CJ, Boelens PG, Borras JM, et al. EURECCA colorectal: multidisciplinary management: European consensus conference colon & rectum. Eur J Cancer, 2014, 50(1): 1.e1-1.e34.
18. van de Velde CJ, Aristei C, Boelens PG, et al. EURECCA colorectal: multidisciplinary mission statement on better care for patients with colon and rectal cancer in Europe. Eur J Cancer, 2013, 49(13): 2784-2790.
19. Pillay B, Wootten AC, Crowe H, et al. The impact of multidisciplinary team meetings on patient assessment, management and outcomes in oncology settings: a systematic review of the literature. Cancer Treat Rev, 2016, 42: 56-72.
20. Cui P, Yin B, Zhang Y, et al. Similarities and differences of lung cancer (LC) multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) in China compared to Europe and Canada. J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42(16 Suppl): e13562.

West China Medical Journal

Analysis of operational status and practical characteristics of outpatient multi-disciplinary treatment in tertiary hospitals in China

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