Competency-based training for rehabilitation medicine visiting trainees: current status and recommendations for a localized competency framework_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

ZHOU Lijun ^1,2,3 ,  LIU Sijia ^1,2

1. Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China;
2. Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;
3. West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

LIU Sijia, Email: 137595879@qq.com

Keywords：

Rehabilitation medicine; visiting trainees; competency framework; competency-based medical education

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.202512145

Video：

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Focusing on the core issues of competency-based training for rehabilitation medicine visiting trainees in China, this article systematically reviewed the current development status and main problems of rehabilitation training, and analyzed its applicability in the training of rehabilitation trainees based on the relevant theories of competency-based medical education and international practical experience. At the same time, combined with the training mode of typical rehabilitation medical centers in China, this article explored the key competency components and evaluation focuses of job competency for rehabilitation trainees, and proposes a framework construction idea for job competency of rehabilitation trainees that conforms to the actual situation of rehabilitation clinical practice in China, with the aim of providing a reference for the standardization and competency-oriented transformation of rehabilitation medicine trainee training.

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2.	蕭敦武, 王玉帛, 李晨, 等. 康復治療人員職業分類與核心勝任力研究. 中國康復理論與實踐, 2024, 30(10): 1160-1171.
3.	國家衛生健康委, 國家發展改革委, 教育部, 等. 關于印發加快推進康復醫療工作發展意見的通知. 中華人民共和國國家衛生健康委員會公報, 2021(6): 4-8.
4.	李博楊, 吳惠群, 盧守四, 等. 我國康復機構人才培養現狀調查與分析. 中國醫院, 2021, 25(8): 12-13.
5.	董春璇, 姚興璋, 寄婧, 等. 基于崗位勝任力的迷你臨床演練測評在康復醫生培訓中的應用效果. 中國康復醫學雜志, 2024, 39(8): 1202-1204.
6.	Sultan MA, Miller E, Tikkanen RS, et al. Competency-based education and training for community health workers: a scoping review. BMC Health Serv Res, 2025, 25(1): 263.
7.	Epstein RM, Hundert EM. Defining and assessing professional competence. JAMA, 2002, 287(2): 226-235.
8.	Frank JR, Snell LS, Cate OT, et al. Competency-based medical education: theory to practice. Med Teach, 2010, 32(8): 638-645.
9.	Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. The CanMEDS 2005 physician competency framework. Ottawa: RCPSC, 2005: 1-25.
10.	Frank JR, Snell L, Sherbino J. CanMEDS 2015 physician competency framework. Ottawa: Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, 2015: 19-30.
11.	Wentzell DD, Chung H, Hanson C, et al. Competency-based medical education in ophthalmology residency training: a review. Can J Ophthalmol, 2020, 55(1): 12-19.
12.	Lee AG, Oetting T, Beaver HA. The ACGME outcome project in ophthalmology: practical recommendations for overcoming the barriers to local implementation of the national mandate. Surv Ophthalmol, 2009, 54(4): 507-517.
13.	Lee AG, Arnold AC. The ACGME milestone project in ophthalmology. Surv Ophthalmol, 2013, 58(4): 359-369.
14.	Lee AG, Arnold AC. The next accreditation system in ophthalmology. Surv Ophthalmol, 2015, 60(1): 82-85.
15.	World Health Organization. Rehabilitation competency framework. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2021: 1-52.
16.	Singh R, Kü?ükdeveci AA, Grabljevec K, et al. The role of interdisciplinary teams in physical and rehabilitation medicine. J Rehabil Med, 2018, 50(8): 673-678.
17.	Frank JR, Danoff D. The CanMEDS initiative: implementing an outcomes-based framework of physician competencies. Med Teach, 2007, 29(7): 642-647.
18.	Karpinski J, Stewart J, Oswald A, et al. Competency-based medical education at scale: a road map for transforming national systems of postgraduate medical education. Perspect Med Educ, 2024, 13(1): 24-32.
19.	Ten Cate O, Gruppen LD, Kogan JR, et al. Time-variable training in medicine: theoretical considerations. Acad Med, 2018, 93(Suppl 3): S6-S11.
20.	Nasca TJ, Philibert I, Brigham T, et al. The next GME accreditation system--rationale and benefits. N Engl J Med, 2012, 366(11):1051-1056.
21.	Torralba KD, Jose D, Katz JD. Competency-based medical education for the clinician-educator: the coming of milestones version 2. Clin Rheumatol, 2020, 39(6): 1719-1723.
22.	Gruppen LD, Mangrulkar RS, Kolars JC. The promise of competency-based education in the health professions for improving global health. Hum Resour Health, 2012, 10: 43.
23.	Iobst WF, Sherbino J, Cate OT, et al. Competency-based medical education in postgraduate medical education. Med Teach, 2010, 32(8): 651-656.
24.	Denney M, Johnstone A. Can general practice trainees engage with leadership activities during their GP training placements? - An evaluation of an intervention in South East Scotland. Educ Prim Care, 2019, 30(2): 102-109.
25.	Rimmer A. Switching specialties must be made easier, says GMC. BMJ, 2017, 357: j1699.
26.	陳心航, 李海潮, 吳紅斌. 我國畢業后醫學教育研究特點與發展趨勢分析. 中國畢業后醫學教育, 2021, 5(2): 98-103.
27.	Chen Q, Li M, Wu N, et al. A survey of resident physicians’ perceptions of competency-based education in standardized resident training in China: a preliminary study. BMC Med Educ, 2022, 22(1): 801.
28.	黃衛, 鄧婉君, 夏歐東. 基于崗位勝任力的醫學教育改革中外比較. 醫學與社會, 2018, 31(6): 83-86.
29.	中國住院醫師培訓精英教學醫院聯盟. 中國住院醫師培訓精英教學醫院聯盟住院醫師核心勝任力框架共識. 協和醫學雜志, 2022, 13(1): 17-23.
30.	董海瑛, 萬學紅, 吳敏. 醫學畢業生勝任特征模型的構建. 中國循證醫學雜志, 2007(5): 348-354.
31.	余楊, 李夏西, 夏歐東, 等. 廣東地區臨床醫學本科生勝任力特征模型的構建. 中華醫學教育探索雜志, 2017, 16(4): 351-355.
32.	王賢吉, 張新平. 全科醫師勝任力模型及其應用. 中國衛生事業管理, 2007, 23(11): 727-728.
33.	邱卓英, 郭鍵勛, 孫宏偉, 等. 世界衛生組織康復勝任力架構及其在康復領域的系統應用: 理論架構、方法和應用領域. 中國康復理論與實踐, 2022, 28(3): 265-274.
34.	Beamish N, Footer C, Lowe R. Rehabilitation professions’ core competencies for entry-level professionals: a thematic analysis. J Interprof Care, 2024, 38(1): 32-41.
35.	Lockyer J, Carraccio C, Chan MK, et al. Core principles of assessment in competency-based medical education. Med Teach, 2017, 39(6): 609-616.
36.	L?rwald AC, Lahner FM, Nouns ZM, et al. The educational impact of mini-clinical evaluation exercise (Mini-CEX) and direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) and its association with implementation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLos One, 2018, 13(6): e0198009.
37.	張芳芳. 康復治療師崗位勝任力模型構建與應用研究. 石家莊: 河北醫科大學, 2023.
38.	王靜, 鄭璐, 王小飛, 等. 基于康復勝任力架構的康復治療師崗位勝任力模型構建與實證研究. 中華醫學教育雜志, 2024, 44(4): 251-256.
39.	Benè KL, Bergus G. When learners become teachers: a review of peer teaching in medical student education. Fam Med, 2014, 46(10): 783-787.
40.	Frank JR, Mungroo R, Ahmad Y, et al. Toward a definition of competency-based education in medicine: a systematic review of published definitions. Med Teach, 2010, 32(8): 631-637.
41.	Holmboe ES, Sherbino J, Long DM, et al. The role of assessment in competency-based medical education. Med Teach, 2010, 32(8): 676-682.
42.	王爍珊, 楊賢盛, 顏梅, 等. 強化內隱勝任力教學在全科醫師規范化培訓中的實踐效果. 中華全科醫學, 2025, 23(8): 1399-1403.

1. Cieza A, Causey K, Kamenov K, et al. Global estimates of the need for rehabilitation based on the global burden of disease study 2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. Lancet, 2019, 396(10267): 2006-2017.
2. 蕭敦武, 王玉帛, 李晨, 等. 康復治療人員職業分類與核心勝任力研究. 中國康復理論與實踐, 2024, 30(10): 1160-1171.
3. 國家衛生健康委, 國家發展改革委, 教育部, 等. 關于印發加快推進康復醫療工作發展意見的通知. 中華人民共和國國家衛生健康委員會公報, 2021(6): 4-8.
4. 李博楊, 吳惠群, 盧守四, 等. 我國康復機構人才培養現狀調查與分析. 中國醫院, 2021, 25(8): 12-13.
5. 董春璇, 姚興璋, 寄婧, 等. 基于崗位勝任力的迷你臨床演練測評在康復醫生培訓中的應用效果. 中國康復醫學雜志, 2024, 39(8): 1202-1204.
6. Sultan MA, Miller E, Tikkanen RS, et al. Competency-based education and training for community health workers: a scoping review. BMC Health Serv Res, 2025, 25(1): 263.
7. Epstein RM, Hundert EM. Defining and assessing professional competence. JAMA, 2002, 287(2): 226-235.
8. Frank JR, Snell LS, Cate OT, et al. Competency-based medical education: theory to practice. Med Teach, 2010, 32(8): 638-645.
9. Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. The CanMEDS 2005 physician competency framework. Ottawa: RCPSC, 2005: 1-25.
10. Frank JR, Snell L, Sherbino J. CanMEDS 2015 physician competency framework. Ottawa: Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, 2015: 19-30.
11. Wentzell DD, Chung H, Hanson C, et al. Competency-based medical education in ophthalmology residency training: a review. Can J Ophthalmol, 2020, 55(1): 12-19.
12. Lee AG, Oetting T, Beaver HA. The ACGME outcome project in ophthalmology: practical recommendations for overcoming the barriers to local implementation of the national mandate. Surv Ophthalmol, 2009, 54(4): 507-517.
13. Lee AG, Arnold AC. The ACGME milestone project in ophthalmology. Surv Ophthalmol, 2013, 58(4): 359-369.
14. Lee AG, Arnold AC. The next accreditation system in ophthalmology. Surv Ophthalmol, 2015, 60(1): 82-85.
15. World Health Organization. Rehabilitation competency framework. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2021: 1-52.
16. Singh R, Kü?ükdeveci AA, Grabljevec K, et al. The role of interdisciplinary teams in physical and rehabilitation medicine. J Rehabil Med, 2018, 50(8): 673-678.
17. Frank JR, Danoff D. The CanMEDS initiative: implementing an outcomes-based framework of physician competencies. Med Teach, 2007, 29(7): 642-647.
18. Karpinski J, Stewart J, Oswald A, et al. Competency-based medical education at scale: a road map for transforming national systems of postgraduate medical education. Perspect Med Educ, 2024, 13(1): 24-32.
19. Ten Cate O, Gruppen LD, Kogan JR, et al. Time-variable training in medicine: theoretical considerations. Acad Med, 2018, 93(Suppl 3): S6-S11.
20. Nasca TJ, Philibert I, Brigham T, et al. The next GME accreditation system--rationale and benefits. N Engl J Med, 2012, 366(11):1051-1056.
21. Torralba KD, Jose D, Katz JD. Competency-based medical education for the clinician-educator: the coming of milestones version 2. Clin Rheumatol, 2020, 39(6): 1719-1723.
22. Gruppen LD, Mangrulkar RS, Kolars JC. The promise of competency-based education in the health professions for improving global health. Hum Resour Health, 2012, 10: 43.
23. Iobst WF, Sherbino J, Cate OT, et al. Competency-based medical education in postgraduate medical education. Med Teach, 2010, 32(8): 651-656.
24. Denney M, Johnstone A. Can general practice trainees engage with leadership activities during their GP training placements? - An evaluation of an intervention in South East Scotland. Educ Prim Care, 2019, 30(2): 102-109.
25. Rimmer A. Switching specialties must be made easier, says GMC. BMJ, 2017, 357: j1699.
26. 陳心航, 李海潮, 吳紅斌. 我國畢業后醫學教育研究特點與發展趨勢分析. 中國畢業后醫學教育, 2021, 5(2): 98-103.
27. Chen Q, Li M, Wu N, et al. A survey of resident physicians’ perceptions of competency-based education in standardized resident training in China: a preliminary study. BMC Med Educ, 2022, 22(1): 801.
28. 黃衛, 鄧婉君, 夏歐東. 基于崗位勝任力的醫學教育改革中外比較. 醫學與社會, 2018, 31(6): 83-86.
29. 中國住院醫師培訓精英教學醫院聯盟. 中國住院醫師培訓精英教學醫院聯盟住院醫師核心勝任力框架共識. 協和醫學雜志, 2022, 13(1): 17-23.
30. 董海瑛, 萬學紅, 吳敏. 醫學畢業生勝任特征模型的構建. 中國循證醫學雜志, 2007(5): 348-354.
31. 余楊, 李夏西, 夏歐東, 等. 廣東地區臨床醫學本科生勝任力特征模型的構建. 中華醫學教育探索雜志, 2017, 16(4): 351-355.
32. 王賢吉, 張新平. 全科醫師勝任力模型及其應用. 中國衛生事業管理, 2007, 23(11): 727-728.
33. 邱卓英, 郭鍵勛, 孫宏偉, 等. 世界衛生組織康復勝任力架構及其在康復領域的系統應用: 理論架構、方法和應用領域. 中國康復理論與實踐, 2022, 28(3): 265-274.
34. Beamish N, Footer C, Lowe R. Rehabilitation professions’ core competencies for entry-level professionals: a thematic analysis. J Interprof Care, 2024, 38(1): 32-41.
35. Lockyer J, Carraccio C, Chan MK, et al. Core principles of assessment in competency-based medical education. Med Teach, 2017, 39(6): 609-616.
36. L?rwald AC, Lahner FM, Nouns ZM, et al. The educational impact of mini-clinical evaluation exercise (Mini-CEX) and direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) and its association with implementation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLos One, 2018, 13(6): e0198009.
37. 張芳芳. 康復治療師崗位勝任力模型構建與應用研究. 石家莊: 河北醫科大學, 2023.
38. 王靜, 鄭璐, 王小飛, 等. 基于康復勝任力架構的康復治療師崗位勝任力模型構建與實證研究. 中華醫學教育雜志, 2024, 44(4): 251-256.
39. Benè KL, Bergus G. When learners become teachers: a review of peer teaching in medical student education. Fam Med, 2014, 46(10): 783-787.
40. Frank JR, Mungroo R, Ahmad Y, et al. Toward a definition of competency-based education in medicine: a systematic review of published definitions. Med Teach, 2010, 32(8): 631-637.
41. Holmboe ES, Sherbino J, Long DM, et al. The role of assessment in competency-based medical education. Med Teach, 2010, 32(8): 676-682.
42. 王爍珊, 楊賢盛, 顏梅, 等. 強化內隱勝任力教學在全科醫師規范化培訓中的實踐效果. 中華全科醫學, 2025, 23(8): 1399-1403.

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Latest ArticlesCompetency-based training for rehabilitation medicine visiting trainees: current status and recommendations for a localized competency framework

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