Research on blood viscoelasticity detection based on electrowetting technology_Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Authors：

WANG Chao ¹ , HUO Wenxing ¹ , YANG Liuqing ² ,  HUANG Xian ¹ , YANG Wei ²

1. School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China;
2. Autobio Labtec Instruments Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou 450016, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

HUANG Xian, Email: huangxian@tju.edu.cn

Keywords：

Electrowetting; Viscoelasticity; Detection method; Stability and reliability

DOI：

10.7507/1001-5515.202508032

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Parameters related to coagulation function are key clinical biomarker reflecting the coagulation status of the human blood system. The disorder of coagulation function could lead to multiple diseases such as hemophilia and ischemic stroke. Blood viscoelasticity can effectively characterize the rheological variations during blood coagulation, thus enabling comprehensive assessment of coagulation function. In this paper, electrowetting technology was adopted to develop the detection approach for blood viscoelasticity. A dynamic mathematical model of the detection system was established, and the core influencing factors of the detection system were deduced. The effects of critical parameters such as driving voltage, excitation frequency and dielectric layer thickness on detection performance were investigated systematically. The results indicate that the above parameters significantly affect the operating performance of the detection system. Optimized matching of system parameters can effectively improve the stability and detection accuracy of the system. Conclusively, the electrowetting based method achieves high-precision measurement of blood viscoelasticity, which provides a novel technical scheme for coagulation detection.

Citation： WANG Chao, HUO Wenxing, YANG Liuqing, HUANG Xian, YANG Wei. Research on blood viscoelasticity detection based on electrowetting technology. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2026, 43(4): 777-783. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.202508032 Copy

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3.	秦勇. 血栓彈力圖測量傳感關鍵技術研究[D]. 重慶: 重慶理工大學, 2016: 1.
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8.	Li D, Liu X, Chai Y, et al. Point-of-care blood coagulation assay enabled by printed circuit board-based digital microfluidics[J]. Lab Chip, 2022, 22(4): 709-716.
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13.	Kaewmorakot S, Papaderakis A A, Dryfe W A R. Electrowetting on glassy carbon substrates[J]. Nanoscale Adv, 2024, 6: 5441-5450.
14.	周樂, 馬祥騰, 趙文鋒, 等. 基于電潤濕的柱面液體透鏡設計及分析[J]. 光學學報, 2025, 45(10): 254-264.
15.	高燕飛, 何緯峰, 施其樂, 等. 電潤濕效應下液滴動態接觸行為分析[J]. 哈爾濱工業大學學報, 2023, 55(6): 46-51.
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17.	Wang Y, Zhang Y, Tang C, et al. Solid/liquid interfacial friction and slip behaviors on roughness surface under applied voltage[J]. Tribol Int, 2020, 144: 106125.
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19.	任曉飛, 魏長智, 劉飛飛, 等. 介電潤濕驅動的變焦液體透鏡電動力學分析[J]. 哈爾濱工業大學學報, 2019, 51(10): 61-67.
20.	Wu J, Li H, Zhou Y, et al. Reconfigurable orbital electrowetting for controllable droplet transport on slippery surfaces[J]. Micromachines, 2025, 16(6): 618.
21.	Watanabe Y, Matsushita A, Matsumoto M, et al. Electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) based portable multimaterial printer to fabricate origami devices[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2025, 17(31): 46442-46455.
22.	Jain V, Muralidhar K. Closed portable electrowetting-on-dielectric system for actuation of water droplets[J]. Microsyst Technol, 2024, 30(11): 1485-1500.
23.	Ullah H, Shoaib F, Zahid D S, et al. Design and fabrication of digital microfluidics device for lab-on-a-chip applications[J]. Eng Proc, 2023, 45(1): 7.
24.	詹海洋. 基于外部刺激的表界面流體動態行為操控研究[D]. 大連: 大連理工大學, 2024: 17-19.
25.	劉上源. 電場對基底潤濕性影響機制與調控技術研究[D]. 北京: 北京林業大學, 2023: 10.
26.	Ali M, Ullah H, Ali M, et al. Dynamic contact angle variation with applied voltage and droplet volume in digital microfluidics[J]. Eng Proc, 2023, 45(1): 31-42.
27.	Goel S, Dasgupta S. Electrokinetic thin-film model for electrowetting: the role of bulk charges[J]. Langmuir, 2023, 39(37): 13076-13089.
28.	Tian P H, Lei X, Wei Z, et al. Effects of liquid viscosity on the formation and attenuation of capillary waves induced by AC electrowetting-on-dielectric[J]. Langmuir, 2023, 39(1): 32-43.
29.	Shi X L, Yi J X, Zhi Y Z, et al. Dynamic adaptive display system for electrowetting displays based on alternating current and direct current[J]. Micromachines, 2022, 13(10): 1791.
30.	白鋒, 洪芳軍. 介質上電潤濕液滴輸運、合并及振蕩實驗研究[J]. 微納電子技術, 2012, 49(8): 526-533.
31.	黃鵬, 周斐強, 宋躍, 等. 交變電場驅動的電潤濕高速變焦透鏡仿真及實驗[J]. 液晶與顯示, 2025, 40(4): 536-546.
32.	蔣冬冬, 洪芳軍, 鄭平. 交流電潤濕作用下液滴的振蕩行為特性[J]. 上海交通大學學報, 2013, 47(4): 513-518.
33.	Yang T H, Wei M Y, Guo J Y, et al. Fabrication and bending reliability evaluation of flexible electrowetting display device[J]. J Soc Inf Disp, 2025, 33(7): 861-872.
34.	He X, Huang Q, Xu J. Electrowetting on swollen dielectric-hydrophobic composite PDMS film for digital microfluidics[J]. Sens Actuators B Chem, 2025, 438: 137793.
35.	Lv C, Zhou T, Liu Y, et al. Motion characteristics of orbital electrowetting-on-dielectric droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces[J]. Langmuir, 2025, 41(13): 4823-4831.
36.	Budlayan M L M, Palangyos C D, Patricio N J, et al. Electrowetting behavior of water microdroplets on a natural superhydrophobic leaf and its elastomeric replica[J]. Solid State Phenom, 2025, 369: 95-100.
37.	Wei Y M, Zou J F, Zhao Z T, et al. Enhancing micro-droplet mixing in microfluidic systems via electrowetting-induced parametric oscillations[J]. Aerosp Res Commun, 2025, 2: 14205.
38.	López-Herrera J M, Popinet S, Herrada M A. A charge-conservative approach for simulating electrohydrodynamic two-phase flows using volume-of-fluid[J]. J Comput Phys, 2011, 230(5): 1939-1955.
39.	葉欣, 單彥廣. 疏水表面振動液滴模態演化與流場結構的數值模擬[J]. 物理學報, 2021, 70(14): 247-256.
40.	陳新宇. 基于界面能調控的液滴輸運機理研究[D]. 北京: 華北電力大學, 2022: 51-53.

1. 李川. 磁彈性傳感器凝血功能檢測系統硬件平臺設計[D]. 重慶: 重慶大學, 2017: 2.
2. 李明勇. 凝血檢測儀軟件設計與實現[D]. 重慶: 重慶大學, 2019: 1.
3. 秦勇. 血栓彈力圖測量傳感關鍵技術研究[D]. 重慶: 重慶理工大學, 2016: 1.
4. Mena S E, Li Y, McCormick J, et al. A droplet-based microfluidic viscometer for the measurement of blood coagulation[J]. Biomicrofluidics, 2020, 14(1): 014109.
5. Maji D, De La Fuente M, Kucukal E, et al. Assessment of whole blood coagulation with a microfluidic dielectric sensor[J]. J Thromb Haemost, 2018, 16(10): 2050-2056.
6. Maji D, Opneja A, Suster M A, et al. Monitoring DOACs with a novel dielectric microsensor: a clinical study[J]. Thromb Haemost, 2021, 121(1): 58-69.
7. Chen X, Wang M, Zhao G. Point-of-care assessment of hemostasis with a love-mode surface acoustic wave sensor[J]. ACS Sens, 2020, 5(1): 282-291.
8. Li D, Liu X, Chai Y, et al. Point-of-care blood coagulation assay enabled by printed circuit board-based digital microfluidics[J]. Lab Chip, 2022, 22(4): 709-716.
9. 姚震, 張天瑋, 張婕. 液滴操控技術研究進展[J]. 微納電子技術, 2024, 61(12): 7-21.
10. 楊斌, 邱瑩, 林喆, 等. 柔性電潤濕顯示發展現狀及展望[J]. 液晶與顯示, 2024, 39(4): 436-446.
11. 譚杰. 交流介電潤濕驅動的液滴調控方法研究[D]. 大連: 大連理工大學, 2024: 7.
12. Huang H, Tian Y, Wei T, et al. AC electrowetting-on-dielectric induced vapor-liquid interface oscillation for flow boiling heat transfer enhancement in microchannels[J]. Int J Therm Sci, 2025, 210: 109638.
13. Kaewmorakot S, Papaderakis A A, Dryfe W A R. Electrowetting on glassy carbon substrates[J]. Nanoscale Adv, 2024, 6: 5441-5450.
14. 周樂, 馬祥騰, 趙文鋒, 等. 基于電潤濕的柱面液體透鏡設計及分析[J]. 光學學報, 2025, 45(10): 254-264.
15. 高燕飛, 何緯峰, 施其樂, 等. 電潤濕效應下液滴動態接觸行為分析[J]. 哈爾濱工業大學學報, 2023, 55(6): 46-51.
16. Zhang Y, Wang Y, Tang C, et al. Reducing the droplet/solid interfacial sliding resistance under electrowetting-on-dielectric by different voltage slew rate signals[J]. Colloids Surf A, 2020, 602: 125147.
17. Wang Y, Zhang Y, Tang C, et al. Solid/liquid interfacial friction and slip behaviors on roughness surface under applied voltage[J]. Tribol Int, 2020, 144: 106125.
18. 王振. 液滴運動可控的介電潤濕芯片與驅動系統的研究及應用[D]. 杭州: 浙江大學, 2021: 32.
19. 任曉飛, 魏長智, 劉飛飛, 等. 介電潤濕驅動的變焦液體透鏡電動力學分析[J]. 哈爾濱工業大學學報, 2019, 51(10): 61-67.
20. Wu J, Li H, Zhou Y, et al. Reconfigurable orbital electrowetting for controllable droplet transport on slippery surfaces[J]. Micromachines, 2025, 16(6): 618.
21. Watanabe Y, Matsushita A, Matsumoto M, et al. Electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) based portable multimaterial printer to fabricate origami devices[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2025, 17(31): 46442-46455.
22. Jain V, Muralidhar K. Closed portable electrowetting-on-dielectric system for actuation of water droplets[J]. Microsyst Technol, 2024, 30(11): 1485-1500.
23. Ullah H, Shoaib F, Zahid D S, et al. Design and fabrication of digital microfluidics device for lab-on-a-chip applications[J]. Eng Proc, 2023, 45(1): 7.
24. 詹海洋. 基于外部刺激的表界面流體動態行為操控研究[D]. 大連: 大連理工大學, 2024: 17-19.
25. 劉上源. 電場對基底潤濕性影響機制與調控技術研究[D]. 北京: 北京林業大學, 2023: 10.
26. Ali M, Ullah H, Ali M, et al. Dynamic contact angle variation with applied voltage and droplet volume in digital microfluidics[J]. Eng Proc, 2023, 45(1): 31-42.
27. Goel S, Dasgupta S. Electrokinetic thin-film model for electrowetting: the role of bulk charges[J]. Langmuir, 2023, 39(37): 13076-13089.
28. Tian P H, Lei X, Wei Z, et al. Effects of liquid viscosity on the formation and attenuation of capillary waves induced by AC electrowetting-on-dielectric[J]. Langmuir, 2023, 39(1): 32-43.
29. Shi X L, Yi J X, Zhi Y Z, et al. Dynamic adaptive display system for electrowetting displays based on alternating current and direct current[J]. Micromachines, 2022, 13(10): 1791.
30. 白鋒, 洪芳軍. 介質上電潤濕液滴輸運、合并及振蕩實驗研究[J]. 微納電子技術, 2012, 49(8): 526-533.
31. 黃鵬, 周斐強, 宋躍, 等. 交變電場驅動的電潤濕高速變焦透鏡仿真及實驗[J]. 液晶與顯示, 2025, 40(4): 536-546.
32. 蔣冬冬, 洪芳軍, 鄭平. 交流電潤濕作用下液滴的振蕩行為特性[J]. 上海交通大學學報, 2013, 47(4): 513-518.
33. Yang T H, Wei M Y, Guo J Y, et al. Fabrication and bending reliability evaluation of flexible electrowetting display device[J]. J Soc Inf Disp, 2025, 33(7): 861-872.
34. He X, Huang Q, Xu J. Electrowetting on swollen dielectric-hydrophobic composite PDMS film for digital microfluidics[J]. Sens Actuators B Chem, 2025, 438: 137793.
35. Lv C, Zhou T, Liu Y, et al. Motion characteristics of orbital electrowetting-on-dielectric droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces[J]. Langmuir, 2025, 41(13): 4823-4831.
36. Budlayan M L M, Palangyos C D, Patricio N J, et al. Electrowetting behavior of water microdroplets on a natural superhydrophobic leaf and its elastomeric replica[J]. Solid State Phenom, 2025, 369: 95-100.
37. Wei Y M, Zou J F, Zhao Z T, et al. Enhancing micro-droplet mixing in microfluidic systems via electrowetting-induced parametric oscillations[J]. Aerosp Res Commun, 2025, 2: 14205.
38. López-Herrera J M, Popinet S, Herrada M A. A charge-conservative approach for simulating electrohydrodynamic two-phase flows using volume-of-fluid[J]. J Comput Phys, 2011, 230(5): 1939-1955.
39. 葉欣, 單彥廣. 疏水表面振動液滴模態演化與流場結構的數值模擬[J]. 物理學報, 2021, 70(14): 247-256.
40. 陳新宇. 基于界面能調控的液滴輸運機理研究[D]. 北京: 華北電力大學, 2022: 51-53.

Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Research on blood viscoelasticity detection based on electrowetting technology

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